Affidavit of Heirship

An affidavit of heirship is recognized in only some states. See whether your state recognizes it, and if not, the mechanism it actually uses to establish who inherited.

Find out where you stand — what state are you in?

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Introduction

An affidavit of heirship is a sworn statement, usually made by someone with personal knowledge of a decedent's family, that sets out the decedent's marital history, children, and other facts needed to identify the decedent's heirs. Where state law gives it effect, it serves as evidence of those facts for a court or a title examiner. It is not a deed, and it does not transfer property in any state that recognizes it. This instrument is not available everywhere, and that is the first thing to check before relying on it: 21 states give the affidavit a real evidentiary role, while in the other 29 heirs must use a different mechanism entirely, from a judicial determination of heirs to a personal representative's deed. The state-by-state table below names the route and the citation for all 50. This page is general information, not legal advice; attorney review is available for any document you draft from it.

Key Things to Know

  1. 1

    An affidavit of heirship is not available in every state. Only 21 states have a dedicated page on this site because their law gives the affidavit a real evidentiary role; the other 29 states use a different mechanism entirely, from a judicial determination of heirs to a personal representative's deed. Recording an affidavit of heirship where the state does not recognize one accomplishes nothing.

  2. 2

    Where it is recognized, an affidavit of heirship is evidence of who the heirs are, not a transfer of property. An affidavit of heirship does not transfer, convey, or vest title to real property in any state; title on an intestate death passes under the state's law of descent, and the affidavit only helps prove that fact later, typically to a court or a title examiner.

  3. 3

    How long an affidavit of heirship must be on record before it counts as evidence varies enormously where it is recognized at all, from no waiting period in most recognizing states, to about a month, to roughly six months, to five years, to twenty years in the state with the longest wait. There is no general national rule; check your own state's page for its specific waiting period, if it has one.

  4. 4

    Two disinterested witnesses is not a legal requirement anywhere this has been checked. It is a title-company underwriting convention that shows up when a company decides whether to insure title on the strength of the affidavit, not a term found in the states' affidavit of heirship statutes themselves.

  5. 5

    Partial recognition on this site's state pages means the instrument works only in narrow circumstances, not that it works normally with some fine print. In the most restrictive partial-recognition state, the affidavit only carries evidentiary force where the affiant is dead, a nonresident, of unknown residence, or too old, infirm, or sick to attend court; with a living, able, resident affiant the same affidavit carries no evidentiary weight at all.

  6. 6

    An affidavit of heirship is not a small estate affidavit in most states. A small estate affidavit typically collects a decedent's personal property under a value cap; an affidavit of heirship, where recognized, evidences who the heirs are and does not move title. In most states the two solve different problems and are not interchangeable, but Louisiana is an exception: its small succession affidavit is itself the instrument that evidences heirship against real property. Check your own state's page before assuming the two are separate.

  7. 7

    An affidavit of heirship is also not the same instrument as an affidavit of death, an affidavit of survivorship, or an affidavit of descent. An affidavit of death, sometimes called an affidavit of death of joint tenant, proves that someone died; it says nothing about who inherited. Confusing the two in a state that only recognizes one of them can leave a title defect uncorrected.

Affidavit of heirship by state

Twenty-one states give an affidavit of heirship a real evidentiary role, and each of those links to its own page below. In the other 29, either no statute recognizes the instrument for real property or the recognition is too narrow to be that state's real answer, so the table names the mechanism heirs actually use there. Recording an affidavit of heirship in a state that does not recognize one accomplishes nothing.

StateAffidavit of heirshipStatute, or what the state uses instead
AlabamaRecognized, narrowlyAla. Code sections 35-4-69, 35-4-70, 35-4-71
AlaskaNot recognizedPersonal representative's deed of distribution out of informal probate, AS 13.16.080 to 13.16.130.
ArizonaRecognized, narrowlyA.R.S. section 14-3971(E)-(G)
ArkansasNot recognizedSmall estate affidavit, which unusually reaches real property, Ark. Code Ann. 28-41-101.
CaliforniaNot recognizedPetition to determine succession to real property, primary residence up to $750,000, Cal. Prob. Code 13150 to 13157.
ColoradoRecognizedC.R.S. section 38-35-113
ConnecticutRecognized, narrowlyConn. Gen. Stat. section 47-12a
DelawareNot recognizedOpen an estate with the Register of Wills, 12 Del. C. 1905.
FloridaNot recognizedSummary administration, Fla. Stat. 735.201 to 735.2063, uncapped once the decedent has been dead more than two years.
GeorgiaNot recognizedPetition for an order that no administration is necessary, O.C.G.A. 53-2-40 to 53-2-42.
HawaiiNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirs, Hawaii Probate Rule 73, available five years after the death.
IdahoRecognized, narrowlyIdaho Code section 55-816
IllinoisNot recognizedJudicial declaration of heirship, 755 ILCS 5/5-3(a). An affidavit is named at 5/5-3(b)(1) but only as evidence inside that proceeding.
IndianaRecognizedInd. Code 29-1-7-23(b)-(f)
IowaRecognized, narrowlyIowa Code section 558.8
KansasNot recognizedPetition to determine descent in the district court, K.S.A. 59-2250 to 59-2252.
KentuckyRecognized, narrowlyKRS 382.120
LouisianaRecognized, narrowlyLa. Code Civ. Proc. arts. 3421-3434
MaineNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirs with no time limit, 18-C M.R.S. sec. 3-108(2).
MarylandNot recognizedRegister of Wills administration, with title moving by the personal representative's recordable deed of distribution.
MassachusettsRecognized, narrowlyG.L. c. 183, section 5A
MichiganRecognizedMCL 565.451a(a)
MinnesotaNot recognizedJudicial decree of descent, Minn. Stat. 525.31 to 525.313, more than three years after the death.
MississippiRecognizedMiss. Code Ann. section 89-5-8(1)
MissouriRecognized, narrowlyMo. Rev. Stat. section 490.370
MontanaNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirs with no time limit, Mont. Code Ann. 72-3-1001.
NebraskaRecognized, narrowlyNeb. Rev. Stat. section 30-24,129
NevadaNot recognizedPetition to set aside estate without administration up to $150,000, NRS 146.070.
New HampshireNot recognizedProbate administration ending in a decree of distribution, RSA 561:1.
New JerseyNot recognizedGrant of letters of administration from the county Surrogate, N.J.S.A. 3B:10-2.
New MexicoNot recognizedInformal probate ending in a personal representative's deed, or formal testacy determining heirs, NMSA 1978 sections 45-3-401 and 45-3-409.
New YorkNot recognizedSurrogate's Court administration proceeding, SCPA Arts. 10-11.
North CarolinaNot recognizedTitle vests in the heirs automatically at death. N.C. Gen. Stat. 47-1 lets an affidavit be recorded but gives it no evidentiary effect.
North DakotaNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirs in a formal testacy proceeding, N.D.C.C. 30.1-15-01 and 30.1-15-02.
OhioRecognizedOhio Rev. Code 317.22(B)-(C)
OklahomaRecognized16 O.S. sections 82-83
OregonNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirship, ORS 111.085(1)(c) and (d), or full probate administration.
PennsylvaniaRecognized21 P.S. sections 451-453
Rhode IslandNot recognizedCertificate of devise or descent filed by the probate fiduciary, R.I. Gen. Laws 33-9-29.
South CarolinaNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirs by formal testacy proceeding, with no personal representative required.
South DakotaRecognized, narrowlySDCL 29A-3-1203
TennesseeRecognizedTenn. Code Ann. section 30-2-712
TexasRecognizedTex. Est. Code ch. 203
UtahNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirs through probate under the Utah Uniform Probate Code.
VermontNot recognizedPetition to determine heirs and title, 14 V.S.A. 1801 to 1804, where record title has sat unprobated more than seven years.
VirginiaRecognizedVa. Code sections 64.2-509
WashingtonNot recognizedJudicial adjudication of intestacy and heirship, RCW 11.28.110 and 11.28.320 to .340.
West VirginiaNot recognizedJudicial petition for establishment and recordation of descent in circuit court, for real property of any value.
WisconsinNot recognizedJudicial determination of descent, Wis. Stat. 867.05, six or more years after an intestate death.
WyomingNot recognizedJudicial determination of heirship, Wyo. Stat. Ann. 2-9-201 to 2-9-204.

Key Decisions

Who Is Swearing and What They Know

The Decedent and the Heirs

The Property and the Record

Customize your Affidavit of Heirship Template with DocDraft

AFFIDAVIT OF HEIRSHIP

DRAFT, 2026-09-22, issue #680. National template only. Each state page layers a compact, state-specific clause set on top of this template and does not repeat what is here. Do not merge a state's clauses into this file.

WHAT THIS DOCUMENT IS. This affidavit is a sworn statement of family history. It is evidence of who the Decedent's heirs are. It is not a deed, a court order, or any other instrument that transfers, conveys, or vests title to property, and signing or recording it does not by itself transfer, convey, or vest title in anyone. It does not open, close, or substitute for probate or for any other court proceeding. The weight this affidavit carries once signed, who may sign it, where and when it may be recorded, what property it may describe, and any waiting period before it has evidentiary effect are all set by the law of the state where the property is located. Complete and use this affidavit in the form and manner that state's law requires.

State of [STATE] County of [COUNTY]

Before me, the undersigned officer authorized to administer oaths in this jurisdiction, personally appeared [AFFIANT FULL NAME] ("Affiant"), who, being first duly sworn, states under oath as follows.

  1. AFFIANT IDENTIFICATION AND PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE

My name is [AFFIANT FULL NAME], and I reside at [AFFIANT ADDRESS]. I am [AFFIANT'S RELATIONSHIP TO THE DECEDENT, IF ANY]. I am over the age of eighteen, competent to testify to the matters stated in this affidavit, and I make it voluntarily, of my own personal knowledge, and not in exchange for any payment or promise.

I have known the Decedent and the Decedent's family for [LENGTH OF TIME]. My personal knowledge of the family and marital history described in this affidavit comes from [BASIS OF PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE, SUCH AS A FAMILY RELATIONSHIP TO THE DECEDENT, A LONGSTANDING ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE DECEDENT'S FAMILY, OR A REVIEW OF FAMILY RECORDS DESCRIBED BELOW]. Where I describe an event I did not personally witness, I identify the record or source on which I rely.

  1. DECEDENT IDENTIFICATION

This affidavit concerns [DECEDENT FULL NAME], also known as [ANY OTHER NAMES THE DECEDENT USED], referred to in this affidavit as the "Decedent." The Decedent was born on [DECEDENT DATE OF BIRTH] in [DECEDENT PLACE OF BIRTH].

  1. DECEDENT'S DEATH AND DOMICILE

The Decedent died on [DATE OF DEATH] in [PLACE OF DEATH]. At the time of death, the Decedent was domiciled in and permanently resided at [DECEDENT ADDRESS AT DEATH], in [COUNTY], [STATE]. A certified copy of the Decedent's death certificate accompanies this affidavit as [EXHIBIT LETTER OR NUMBER].

  1. MARITAL HISTORY

At the time of death, the Decedent's marital status was [MARITAL STATUS AT DEATH]. The Decedent's surviving spouse, if any, is [SURVIVING SPOUSE FULL NAME], residing at [SURVIVING SPOUSE ADDRESS].

The Decedent was married a total of [NUMBER] time(s) during the Decedent's lifetime. Each marriage, in chronological order, is described below.

Spouse: [SPOUSE FULL NAME] Date of marriage: [DATE OF MARRIAGE] How the marriage ended: [DEATH OF SPOUSE, DIVORCE, ANNULMENT, OR "SURVIVED BY DECEDENT" IF THE MARRIAGE WAS CURRENT AT DEATH] Date the marriage ended, if applicable: [DATE]

Spouse: [SPOUSE FULL NAME] Date of marriage: [DATE OF MARRIAGE] How the marriage ended: [DEATH OF SPOUSE, DIVORCE, ANNULMENT, OR "SURVIVED BY DECEDENT" IF THE MARRIAGE WAS CURRENT AT DEATH] Date the marriage ended, if applicable: [DATE]

No marriage of the Decedent is omitted from this list, whether or not it produced children and whether or not it ended before the Decedent's death.

  1. CHILDREN AND DESCENDANTS

The Decedent had [NUMBER] child(ren), whether born during marriage, born outside marriage, adopted, or otherwise legally recognized as the Decedent's child. Each child of the Decedent is listed below, living or deceased.

Name: [CHILD FULL NAME] Date of birth: [DATE OF BIRTH] Relationship to Decedent: [BIOLOGICAL, ADOPTED, OR OTHER BASIS FOR THE RELATIONSHIP] Living or deceased: [LIVING, OR DATE OF DEATH IF DECEASED] Current address, if living: [ADDRESS]

Name: [CHILD FULL NAME] Date of birth: [DATE OF BIRTH] Relationship to Decedent: [BIOLOGICAL, ADOPTED, OR OTHER BASIS FOR THE RELATIONSHIP] Living or deceased: [LIVING, OR DATE OF DEATH IF DECEASED] Current address, if living: [ADDRESS]

If a child of the Decedent died before the Decedent and left descendants of that child's own, each such descendant is listed below, together with that descendant's relationship to the deceased child and to the Decedent.

Name: [DESCENDANT FULL NAME] Relationship to the deceased child: [SON, DAUGHTER, GRANDCHILD, ETC.] Relationship to Decedent: [GRANDCHILD, GREAT-GRANDCHILD, ETC.] Living or deceased: [LIVING, OR DATE OF DEATH IF DECEASED] Current address, if living: [ADDRESS]

No child or descendant of the Decedent known to me is omitted from this affidavit.

  1. OTHER HEIRS

[IF THE DECEDENT LEFT NO CHILDREN OR DESCENDANTS, OR IF OTHER PERSONS MAY QUALIFY AS HEIRS UNDER THE LAW OF THE STATE WHERE THE PROPERTY IS LOCATED, LIST EACH SUCH PERSON BELOW, SUCH AS A PARENT, SIBLING, OR MORE REMOTE RELATIVE OF THE DECEDENT.]

Name: [HEIR FULL NAME] Relationship to Decedent: [PARENT, SIBLING, NIECE OR NEPHEW, ETC.] Living or deceased: [LIVING, OR DATE OF DEATH IF DECEASED] Current address, if living: [ADDRESS]

Name: [HEIR FULL NAME] Relationship to Decedent: [PARENT, SIBLING, NIECE OR NEPHEW, ETC.] Living or deceased: [LIVING, OR DATE OF DEATH IF DECEASED] Current address, if living: [ADDRESS]

Which relatives qualify as heirs, and in what order and share, is determined by the law of the state where the property is located. This affidavit lists the persons who fit that description to the best of my personal knowledge; it does not itself decide who the heirs are.

  1. STATUS OF ADMINISTRATION

To the best of my knowledge, the status of administration of the Decedent's estate is [STATUS OF ADMINISTRATION, FOR EXAMPLE "NO PETITION HAS BEEN FILED AND NONE IS PENDING," "A PETITION WAS FILED AND ADMINISTRATION IS PENDING," OR "A PETITION WAS FILED AND ADMINISTRATION HAS CLOSED"]. If a petition for probate or administration was filed, it was filed in [COURT NAME], case number [CASE NUMBER], and [EXECUTOR OR ADMINISTRATOR FULL NAME] is serving as [EXECUTOR OR ADMINISTRATOR].

The Decedent died [TESTATE OR INTESTATE STATUS, THAT IS, WHETHER THE DECEDENT LEFT A WILL]. If the Decedent left a will, its probate status is [STATUS OF THE WILL, FOR EXAMPLE "ADMITTED TO PROBATE" OR "NOT ADMITTED TO PROBATE"]; if admitted, it was admitted in [COURT NAME], case number [CASE NUMBER]. Whether this affidavit may be used at all, and whether it may be used only when the Decedent died without a will or only when no administration is open, depends on the law of the state where the property is located.

  1. REAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

This affidavit relates to the following real property in which the Decedent held an interest at death:

Property address: [PROPERTY ADDRESS] Legal description: [LEGAL DESCRIPTION, INCLUDING LOT, BLOCK, SUBDIVISION, OR METES AND BOUNDS AS APPLICABLE] County and state where located: [COUNTY], [STATE] Parcel or tax identification number: [PARCEL NUMBER] Nature of the Decedent's interest: [SOLE OWNER, TENANT IN COMMON, JOINT TENANT, ETC.]

[ADD ADDITIONAL PARCELS AS NEEDED, EACH WITH ITS OWN LEGAL DESCRIPTION.]

Whether this affidavit may describe personal property in addition to real property, and any limit on the kind or value of property it may cover, is set by the law of the state where the property is located.

  1. STATEMENT OF NO KNOWN CONTRARY CLAIMS

To the best of my knowledge, the family history stated in this affidavit is complete and accurate, no person other than those named above claims to be an heir of the Decedent, no will of the Decedent other than one disclosed in Section 7 exists or has been offered for probate, and there is no pending lawsuit, will contest, or other proceeding that disputes the facts stated in this affidavit or the identity of the Decedent's heirs.

This affidavit states who the heirs are; it does not resolve a dispute about heirship, and it is not a substitute for a small estate procedure, a small estate affidavit, or any other statutory proceeding the state where the property is located may make available. If a dispute exists or a statutory proceeding better fits the reader's situation, this affidavit is not the right document.

If any statement in this affidavit is later shown to be incorrect, anyone with an interest in the property may present evidence of the true facts, and this affidavit does not prevent them from doing so.

  1. SIGNATURE, NOTARIZATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the state where this affidavit is signed that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief.

Affiant signature: ______________________________ Date: ____________ Print name: [AFFIANT FULL NAME] Address: [AFFIANT ADDRESS]

Some states require more than one affiant, require a particular relationship or qualification of the affiant, or otherwise limit who may sign. Follow the requirements of the state where the property is located, and add signature lines for any additional affiant that state requires.

NOTARY ACKNOWLEDGMENT

State of [STATE] County of [COUNTY]

On [DATE], before me, the undersigned notary public, personally appeared [AFFIANT FULL NAME], proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person whose name is signed above, and who swore or affirmed to me that the statements in this affidavit are true.

Notary public: ______________________________ My commission expires: ____________

[SEAL]

The acknowledgment form, the officer authorized to take it, and any additional recording formality, such as a preparer's statement or a return-address block, are set by the law and the recording office of the state and county where the property is located.

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Frequently Asked Questions

An affidavit of heirship is a sworn statement, usually made by someone with personal knowledge of a decedent's family, that sets out the decedent's marital history, children, and other facts needed to identify the decedent's heirs. In the states that give it legal effect, it serves as evidence of those facts, typically for a court or a title examiner; it is not itself a deed and it does not transfer property.

No. An affidavit of heirship does not transfer, convey, or vest title to real property in any state that recognizes it. It is evidence of who the heirs are. Title on an intestate death passes under the state's law of descent, and the affidavit only helps prove, sometimes years later, who received it.

No. Only 21 states have a statute that gives the affidavit a real, usable evidentiary role, and even among those, several recognize it only in narrow circumstances. In the other 29 states, no statute recognizes an affidavit of heirship for real property, or the recognition is too thin to be a workable answer, and heirs instead use that state's actual mechanism, such as a judicial determination of heirs or a personal representative's deed.

It depends entirely on the state, and there is no general rule. Most recognizing states attach no waiting period at all. Where one exists, it ranges from about a month, to roughly six months, to five years, to twenty years depending on the state. Check your own state's page for its specific rule, if it has one.

It varies by state, but no state's affidavit of heirship statute requires two disinterested affiants. That requirement, when a reader encounters it, is typically a title company's own underwriting practice rather than a statutory rule. Some states require only a single affiant with personal knowledge of the family history.

It depends on the state, and the mechanisms differ significantly: a judicial determination or declaration of heirship, a personal representative's deed of distribution out of probate, a small estate affidavit or petition where the estate qualifies, or full probate administration. Find your state in the directory on this page for the specific route and citation.

In most states, no. A small estate affidavit collects a decedent's personal property under a value cap and is handed to a bank, transfer agent, or similar holder. An affidavit of heirship, where a state recognizes one, evidences who the heirs are and does not move title. In most states they address different problems, but Louisiana is an exception: its small succession affidavit is itself the instrument that evidences heirship against real property, so there the two are the same mechanism.

No. An affidavit of death, sometimes called an affidavit of death of joint tenant, proves that a specific person died; it says nothing about who inherited their property. An affidavit of heirship, where recognized, proves who the heirs are. Some states use one, some the other, and a handful use neither.