Vermont Notice to Vacate: 2026 Landlord Rules Under 9 V.S.A. 4467

Reviewed by DocDraft Legal Team · Vermont · Last updated 2026-05-31

Vermont landlord terminations run through 9 V.S.A. 4467, which requires written actual notice stating the termination date, a legally valid reason, and the correct number of days for the cause. Nonpayment of rent takes at least 14 days, and the tenant can stay by paying the rent due before the termination date. Ending a periodic tenancy for no cause without a written agreement takes at least 60 days when the tenant has resided there two years or less and at least 90 days for longer tenancies. A notice alone does not remove a tenant: after the notice period runs, possession is recovered through an ejectment action in the Vermont Superior Court Civil Division for the unit where the property sits, and a notice is insufficient to support a judgment unless the proceeding is commenced within 60 days of the termination date.

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How do I serve a notice to vacate in Vermont?

Vermont terminations under 9 V.S.A. 4467 must be by actual notice, which 9 V.S.A. 4451 defines as written notice hand-delivered or mailed to the tenant's last known address. Hand delivery and mailing are both allowed; door-posting alone is not listed as a method of giving the pre-suit notice. If the notice is sent by first-class or certified U.S. mail, there is a rebuttable presumption that it was received three days after mailing if the sending party proves it was sent by that method. Vermont's long no-cause periods make these timing rules matter more than in states with short notice floors, because the clock starts only when actual notice is given. Certified mail gives the sender provable proof of mailing.

How much notice does Vermont require for nonpayment of rent?

Under the nonpayment branch of 9 V.S.A. 4467, the landlord may terminate a tenancy for nonpayment of rent by giving actual notice of the date the tenancy will terminate, which must be at least 14 days after the date of the actual notice. The notice must state exactly how much rent is due (not including other charges) and must state the tenant's right to redeem. The rental agreement does not terminate if the tenant pays or tenders the rent due through the end of the rental period before the termination date. The Vermont Department for Children and Families training handout notes that properties covered by the CARES Act and HOME properties require a 30-day nonpayment notice rather than 14 days.

How much notice does Vermont require to end a tenancy for no cause?

Under 9 V.S.A. 4467, no-cause notice depends on whether there is a written agreement and on the tenancy length. With no written agreement and rent payable monthly, the notice is at least 60 days for tenants who have resided in the premises two years or less and at least 90 days for tenants who have resided there more than two years; weekly tenancies take at least 21 days. With a written agreement and monthly rent, the notice is at least 30 days before the end of the stated term for tenancies of two years or less and at least 60 days for longer tenancies. Burlington imposes a longer overlay (see the FAQ), so the statewide 60 and 90-day figures do not apply inside that city.

What happens after the notice period if the tenant does not vacate?

A Vermont landlord cannot remove a tenant on the notice alone. The tenant does not have to leave on the date in the notice and can be removed only by a court order. After the notice period runs, the landlord files an ejectment action in the Vermont Superior Court Civil Division for the unit (county) where the property is located, under 12 V.S.A. Chapter 169. A copy of the rental agreement, if any, and any termination notice must be attached to the complaint, and the summons is served and notice given as in other civil actions. A notice is insufficient to support a judgment of eviction unless the proceeding is commenced not later than 60 days from the termination date set in the notice.

Vermont notice-to-vacate framework at a glance

Vermont landlord terminations are governed by the Residential Rental Agreements Act, 9 V.S.A. Chapter 137, with 9 V.S.A. 4467 controlling termination notices, 9 V.S.A. 4451 defining actual notice, and 9 V.S.A. 4465 barring retaliation. The standard nonpayment notice is at least 14 days, breach of a material term is at least 30 days, and criminal activity, illegal drug activity, or acts of violence threatening other residents is 14 days. No-cause termination of a periodic tenancy without a written agreement takes at least 60 days (two years or less) or 90 days (over two years), among the longest no-cause periods nationally. The city of Burlington adds a just-cause overlay with longer no-cause month-to-month notice (90 and 120 days per Vermont state training materials). A notice does not remove a tenant: possession is recovered through an ejectment action under 12 V.S.A. Chapter 169 in the Vermont Superior Court Civil Division for the unit where the property sits, and a notice is insufficient to support a judgment unless the proceeding is commenced within 60 days of the termination date. The Vermont Judiciary publishes the eviction and ejectment court forms on its eviction-process page; Vermont does not statutorily mandate a specific pre-suit notice-to-vacate form.

Landlord Resources

Vermont Judiciary eviction process

Official Vermont state judicial branch page for the ejectment and eviction court process and forms, used to file a complaint in the Superior Court Civil Division.

Vermont Legislature statutes (9 V.S.A. Chapter 137)

Official text of the Residential Rental Agreements Act, including 9 V.S.A. 4467 (termination notice), 4451 (actual notice), and 4465 (retaliation).

Vermont DCF Office of Economic Opportunity notice-to-quit guide

Vermont state government training handout summarizing the 9 V.S.A. 4467 notice rules, including day counts by cause and the Burlington overlay.

Relevant Laws

9 V.S.A. § 4467 (Termination of tenancy; notice)

Controlling notice statute: 14-day nonpayment with right to redeem, 30-day material breach, 14-day criminal or drug or violence, and 60/90/21 and 30/60/7-day no-cause periods, plus the 60-day window to commence ejectment.

9 V.S.A. § 4451 (Definitions; actual notice)

Defines actual notice as written notice hand-delivered or mailed to the last known address, with a rebuttable three-day-receipt presumption for first-class or certified U.S. mail.

9 V.S.A. § 4465 (Retaliatory conduct prohibited)

Bars retaliation against tenants who report violations or organize, and creates a 90-day rebuttable presumption of retaliation for non-nonpayment terminations after a government noncompliance notice.

12 V.S.A. § 4852 (Ejectment; mode of process)

Requires the rental agreement and any termination notice to be attached to the ejectment complaint and directs that process be served and notice given as in other civil actions.

12 V.S.A. § 4853a (Payment of rent into court)

Lets the Superior Court order full or partial payment of rent into court as it accrues while the ejectment proceeding is pending.

12 V.S.A. § 4851 (Ejectment; issuance of process)

Provides for issuance of process by a Superior judge in the ejectment (summary possession) action under 12 V.S.A. Chapter 169.

Federal SCRA, 50 U.S.C. § 3955 (Termination of residential leases)

Federal protection allowing a servicemember to terminate a covered residential lease after receiving qualifying military orders;

Regional Variances

Vermont notice and ejectment practice by region

Burlington (Chittenden County)

Burlington applies a just-cause overlay on top of the statewide 9 V.S.A. 4467 defaults. Per Vermont state training materials, no-cause month-to-month notice is 90 days for tenancies of two years or less and 120 days for tenancies over two years, longer than the statewide 60 and 90 days. Do not use the statewide counts inside Burlington, and confirm the current Burlington just-cause and minimum-notice ordinance with the city before citing a section. Ejectment is filed in the Chittenden Unit of the Superior Court Civil Division.

Rutland County

Outside Burlington, the statewide 9 V.S.A. 4467 notice periods apply: 14 days for nonpayment, 30 days for material breach, 14 days for criminal or drug or violence, and 60/90/21 or 30/60/7-day no-cause periods depending on whether there is a written agreement. Ejectment is filed in the Rutland Unit of the Superior Court Civil Division for properties in the county, with the summons served as in other civil actions.

Washington County (Montpelier)

Properties in Montpelier and the rest of Washington County follow the statewide 9 V.S.A. 4467 defaults unless a local ordinance changes them; confirm any city overlay before relying solely on the statewide counts. Ejectment is filed in the Washington Unit of the Superior Court Civil Division, and a notice is insufficient to support a judgment unless the proceeding is commenced within 60 days of the termination date.

Suggested Compliance Checklist

Identify the cause and the correct notice period

Pre-notice days after starting

Map the situation to 9 V.S.A. 4467: nonpayment is 14 days; material breach is 30 days; criminal, drug, or violence is 14 days; no-cause without a written agreement is 60 days (two years or less), 90 days (over two years), or 21 days (weekly); no-cause with a written agreement is 30 or 60 days. Inside Burlington, use the longer 90 and 120-day overlay, and check for CARES Act, HOME, or mobile-home-park rules that change the count.

Draft a written notice that meets the 9 V.S.A. 4467 content rules

Pre-notice days after starting

The notice must be written, state that it is ending the rental agreement, give a legally valid reason, and state the termination date with the correct number of days. For nonpayment, state the exact rent due (not other charges) and the tenant's right to redeem. For breach, specify the material breach. Vermont does not mandate a specific pre-suit form. Attorney review is available as an option.

Document: notice-to-vacate

Serve the notice by actual notice under 9 V.S.A. 4451

Service days after starting

Give actual notice by hand delivery or by mail to the tenant's last known address. Door-posting alone is not a listed method for the pre-suit notice. First-class or certified U.S. mail carries a rebuttable presumption of receipt three days after mailing if you prove it was sent that way; certified mail gives provable proof of mailing. Keep proof of the method and date used.

Wait the full notice period before filing

Notice period days after starting

Do not file the ejectment action before the notice period runs. For nonpayment, the tenancy does not terminate if the tenant pays or tenders the rent due through the end of the rental period before the termination date, so confirm whether the tenant has redeemed before proceeding. Filing before the period expires can require restarting with a corrected notice.

File the ejectment complaint in the Superior Court Civil Division

Post-notice days after starting

File the ejectment complaint under 12 V.S.A. Chapter 169 in the Vermont Superior Court Civil Division for the unit (county) where the property sits, and attach a copy of the rental agreement (if any) and the termination notice per 12 V.S.A. 4852. The civil complaint filing fee was $295; confirm the current amount on the live Vermont Judiciary fee schedule, and budget separately for sheriff service-of-process costs. A notice is insufficient to support a judgment unless the proceeding is commenced within 60 days of the termination date.

Serve the summons and appear at the hearing

Hearing days after starting

The ejectment summons is served and notice given as in other civil actions under 12 V.S.A. 4852, on the ordinary Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure timetable; Vermont does not fix a single short statutory hearing window for ordinary tenant evictions. The landlord may seek payment of rent into court as it accrues under 12 V.S.A. 4853a. Bring the lease, the notice with proof of service, and a rent ledger if nonpayment is the ground.

Obtain the judgment and writ of possession

Post-judgment days after starting

If the landlord prevails, the court issues a judgment for possession and a writ of possession to recover the unit; the tenant can be removed only under that court order, not on the notice alone. Coordinate execution of the writ with the sheriff, and track any appeal that may affect timing.

Frequently Asked Questions

The nonpayment branch of 9 V.S.A. 4467 requires at least 14 days actual notice of the termination date. Vermont gives a pay-and-stay right: the rental agreement does not terminate if the tenant pays or tenders the rent due through the end of the rental period before the termination date, so paying in time stops the nonpayment case. The notice must state exactly how much rent is due (not including other charges) and must state the tenant's right to redeem. Per Vermont state training materials, properties covered by the CARES Act and HOME properties require a 30-day nonpayment notice instead of 14 days; confirm the controlling federal rule before relying on it.

Under 9 V.S.A. 4467, with no written agreement and monthly rent, no-cause notice is at least 60 days for a tenant who has resided in the premises two years or less and at least 90 days for a tenant who has resided there more than two years; weekly tenancies take at least 21 days. With a written agreement and monthly rent, the notice is at least 30 days before the end of the stated term for tenancies of two years or less and at least 60 days for longer tenancies, and weekly written tenancies take at least 7 days. Renting a room in someone's home with shared living spaces uses 15 days (monthly) or 7 days (weekly). Burlington applies longer figures, so do not use the statewide counts inside that city.

Vermont sets a 14-day notice under 9 V.S.A. 4467 for criminal activity, illegal drug activity, or acts of violence that threaten the health or safety of other residents, which is shorter than the 30-day general breach notice. Per Vermont state training materials, a mere arrest is insufficient: the landlord must show it is more likely than not that the crime or illegal drug activity occurred, and the conduct must threaten the health or safety of other residents. The statute provides specific remedies for retaliation under 9 V.S.A. 4467,

Federal protection comes from the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, 50 U.S.C. 3955. a servicemember who signs a residential lease and then receives qualifying military orders (such as a permanent change of station, or deployment in support of a military operation for not less than 90 days) may terminate the lease at the lessee's option after the date of those orders. Vermont has no separate state servicemember residential-lease early-termination statute located in 9 V.S.A. Chapter 137. confirm 50 U.S.C. 3955 before relying on its precise terms. A landlord who receives a servicemember termination notice should verify the orders before proceeding.

A termination notice must meet 9 V.S.A. 4467 and the actual-notice definition in 9 V.S.A. 4451. It must be written, state that it is ending the rental agreement, give a legally valid reason, state the termination date, and give the correct number of days for the cause. Nonpayment notices must state the exact rent due and the right to redeem; breach notices must specify the material breach. A notice is also insufficient to support a judgment of eviction unless the ejectment proceeding is commenced not later than 60 days from the termination date in the notice, so a notice does not stay good indefinitely. Defects in content, service, or timing can require the landlord to start over with a corrected notice. Attorney review is available as an option.

Yes. Under 9 V.S.A. 4465, a landlord may not retaliate by changing rental terms or by bringing or threatening an action against a tenant who has complained to a government agency about a building, housing, or health violation, complained to the landlord of a violation of the chapter, or organized or joined a tenants' union. The statute creates a rebuttable presumption: if a landlord serves a termination notice on any grounds other than nonpayment of rent within 90 days after notice by a municipal or state governmental entity that the premises are not in compliance with health or safety regulations, the termination is presumed to be retaliatory. The statute provides specific remedies for retaliation; landlords should review the current text of 9 V.S.A. 4465 for details.

Yes. The city of Burlington applies a just-cause overlay on top of the statewide 9 V.S.A. 4467 defaults. Per Vermont Department for Children and Families training materials, a no-cause month-to-month termination in Burlington requires 90 days for a tenancy of two years or less and 120 days for a tenancy over two years, compared with the statewide 60 and 90 days. Treat the statewide 60 and 90-day counts as not applicable inside Burlington. Confirm the current Burlington just-cause and minimum-notice ordinance with the City of Burlington before relying on a specific ordinance section.

No. A Vermont landlord cannot remove a tenant on the notice alone. Per Vermont state training materials, the tenant does not have to vacate on the date listed in the notice and can be removed only if the landlord obtains a court order. After the notice period runs, possession is recovered through an ejectment action under 12 V.S.A. Chapter 169 in the Superior Court Civil Division. While that case is pending, the court may order rent paid into court as it accrues under 12 V.S.A. 4853a.

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