Employment Application Form Guide: Essential Information for Employers
A comprehensive guide to employment application forms for HR managers, startup founders, and small business owners - learn legal requirements, best practices, and how to avoid common pitfalls.
Introduction
An employment application form is a critical document that helps employers gather consistent information from job candidates and make informed hiring decisions. This standardized form serves as the foundation of your hiring process, collecting essential details about applicants' qualifications, work history, education, and other relevant information. For HR managers, startup founders, and small business owners, understanding how to create and use employment applications properly is crucial not only for finding the right talent but also for maintaining legal compliance and protecting your business from potential liability.
Key Things to Know
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Employment applications are legal documents that can be used as evidence in employment-related lawsuits, so accuracy and legal compliance are essential.
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Applications should be consistent with your employee handbook, job descriptions, and other company policies to avoid contradictions that could create legal vulnerabilities.
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Update your application forms regularly to reflect changes in employment laws, which vary significantly by location and are frequently amended.
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Consider having applicants complete the form even if they submit a resume, as applications provide standardized information and include legal acknowledgments and authorizations.
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Train hiring managers on proper application review procedures to ensure consistent evaluation and avoid discriminatory practices.
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Maintain confidentiality of all application information and store completed applications securely, with access limited to those with a legitimate business need.
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Consider having your employment application reviewed by an employment attorney familiar with the laws in your jurisdiction before implementing it in your hiring process.
Key Decisions
Employment Application Form Requirements
Include fields for applicant's full legal name, current address, phone number, email address, and other contact information.
Include fields for position applied for, desired salary/wage, availability (full-time/part-time), and preferred start date.
Include questions about legal authorization to work in the country and whether the applicant will require sponsorship.
Include a question asking if the applicant is over the minimum age requirement (typically 18 years) for the position.
Louisiana Requirements for Employment Application Form
Louisiana's 'Ban the Box' law (Act 398) prohibits state employers from inquiring about criminal history on initial job applications, though private employers are not currently covered. The application should not include questions about criminal history in the initial application phase for compliance with this growing trend.
Applications must comply with federal EEO laws prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity), national origin, age, disability, or genetic information.
Louisiana law prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, pregnancy, sickle cell trait, and genetic information. Applications should avoid questions that could be used to discriminate on these bases.
Applications must include language indicating that employment is contingent upon verification of identity and eligibility to work in the United States, but should not discriminate based on national origin or citizenship status.
If background checks will be conducted, the application must include clear notice and authorization for such checks, separate from the main application form.
Louisiana law places additional restrictions on credit checks for employment purposes. Applications must clearly disclose if credit information will be used in the hiring decision.
Applications should not include questions about disabilities but may ask if applicants can perform essential job functions with or without reasonable accommodation.
Applications should avoid asking for age or date of birth, as this could lead to age discrimination claims. Instead, they may ask if the applicant is over 18 (or 21 if required for the position).
Louisiana prohibits discrimination based on military service. Applications should avoid questions that could be used to discriminate against service members or veterans.
Applications must not request genetic information, including family medical history, which could be used for discriminatory purposes.
While Louisiana does not mandate E-Verify for private employers, state contractors must use it. Applications should note that employment verification will be conducted in accordance with applicable laws.
Louisiana recognizes at-will employment. Applications should include a clear statement that employment is at-will and can be terminated by either party at any time, with or without cause.
Louisiana law requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for pregnancy, childbirth, and related medical conditions. Applications should not inquire about pregnancy status.
If drug testing will be part of the hiring process, the application must disclose this and comply with Louisiana's drug testing laws, which provide certain protections for applicants and employees.
While Louisiana does not currently have a salary history ban, many states and localities do. As a best practice, applications should avoid requesting salary history information.
Louisiana is a right-to-work state. Applications should not include questions about union membership or require union membership as a condition of employment.
Applications requesting educational records must comply with FERPA, which protects the privacy of student education records and requires consent for disclosure.
Louisiana law requires employers to maintain employment applications for at least one year. Applications should include a privacy statement regarding how information will be stored and used.
Applications should include clear authorization for the employer to contact provided references and previous employers, with appropriate releases of liability.
Applications should include a statement that providing false information may result in disqualification or termination, which is enforceable under Louisiana law.
Frequently Asked Questions
A comprehensive employment application form should include: applicant contact information, position being applied for, work availability, employment history (with company names, dates, positions, and reasons for leaving), educational background, professional certifications or licenses, skills relevant to the position, references, and a legal disclaimer. You may also include sections for voluntary self-identification for EEO purposes, criminal history questions (where legally permitted), and authorization for background checks. Be sure to include a signature line where applicants certify that all information provided is accurate and truthful.
Yes, there are significant legal restrictions on application questions. Federal laws prohibit discrimination based on protected characteristics including race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and genetic information. Avoid questions about: age (beyond confirming if applicant is over 18), marital status, children or family planning, religious affiliation, citizenship (though you can ask if they're legally authorized to work in the U.S.), disabilities (before a job offer), arrest records (in many jurisdictions), and salary history (prohibited in some states and cities). Additionally, 'ban-the-box' laws in many locations restrict when you can ask about criminal history. Always check current federal, state, and local laws before finalizing your application form.
Yes, online employment applications are increasingly common and offer several advantages: they streamline data collection, reduce paperwork, allow for easier storage and retrieval of information, and can integrate with your applicant tracking system. However, ensure your online application is accessible to people with disabilities (compliant with ADA and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines), includes the same legal disclaimers and certifications as paper forms, securely stores sensitive applicant information, and allows applicants to review their information before submission. Also provide reasonable accommodations for applicants who may not have internet access or require alternative formats.
Federal regulations require employers to keep all employment records, including applications, for at least one year from the date the record was made or the personnel action was taken, whichever is later. For federal contractors, this retention period extends to two years. If an applicant or employee files a discrimination charge, you must maintain all relevant records until the case is resolved. As a best practice, many employers retain applications for three years to cover various state and federal requirements. Store applications securely, with limited access, to protect applicants' personal information and comply with privacy laws.
While using a standardized application form ensures consistency and simplifies your hiring process, you may need position-specific variations. A basic template can work for most positions, with supplemental sections for specialized roles. For example, positions requiring specific certifications, licenses, or technical skills might need additional questions. Similarly, management positions might include questions about leadership experience. The key is maintaining core compliance elements across all versions while tailoring certain sections to job-specific requirements. This balanced approach helps you gather relevant information while maintaining a standardized process that treats all applicants consistently.
Essential disclaimers for employment applications include: an at-will employment statement (if applicable in your state) clarifying that employment can be terminated at any time by either party; an equal opportunity employer statement affirming your commitment to non-discrimination; a truth certification where applicants acknowledge that providing false information may result in termination or rejection; authorization for reference and background checks; and a statement that the application does not constitute an employment contract. In states with specific requirements, you may need additional disclaimers regarding drug testing, credit checks, or social media policies. Have your legal counsel review all disclaimers to ensure compliance with current laws.